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Rituals Of Jain Marriage

 


In Jain wedding ceremony, a grand public proclamation is made of the intention of the prospective bride and groom to live together for their entire life. In this section, we will provide you information on Jain matrimonial customs & traditions. We will brief you on the below mentioned traditional Jain marriage rituals



Laghana Lekhan
A typical Jain Marriage initiates with "Vagdana" - wherein the parents of the bride and groom declare the intention to marry them after which the "Pradana" takes place where the bride is gifted with ornaments

Tilak ceromony
The Engagement or sagai ceremony is held at the groom's house. The groom would wear the traditional Jain headgear, wash his hands and perform the Vinayakyantra. After the Vinayakyantra puja, the bride's brother applies tilak on the groom's forehead and gifts him a gold chain, a ring, clothes, coconut, sweets and money. The groom is then presented the lagna patrika. The priest reads out the patrika and the groom seeks the blessings of the elders. Several days before the wedding, the matruka sthapan and kulkar sthapan are held.

Vara Ghoda
This is where the groom rides the horse. Similar to the Hindu traditional baraat, Jains include a groom's procession in the wedding festivities. Traditionally the groom would arrive on horseback, but present day processions are normally done in a car until the last hundred metres. The party then walks the rest.

Torana Vidhi
Upon reaching the destination, rites of welcoming is performed. The bride welcomes the groom with a traditional garland. He then stands on a small stool while the bride's mother and other ladies welcome him by waving a lamp in front of him and offering him a length of red cloth. The groom then enters the mandap, on his way stepping on two earthenware bowls placed in his path. This guards against evil spirits influencing the ceremony.
As the procession comes to the marriage hall, the Jain Brahmin conducting the wedding will chant a mantra for the arriving groom. The mantra praises Lord Adinath, the originator of the arts, customs and institutions of humankind.

Varmala
The garlanding ceremony takes place. Inside the mandap, two chairs are placed. The groom enters first and sits on the left-hand chair. The bride then enters, often led by her maternal uncle and sits as well. A series of prayers are then spoken asking for the protection and blessings of the gods.

Hasta Melap
In this joining ceremony, the Brahmin will place a single cloth garland around the couple's necks. Following the garlanding, the bride's parents wash the groom's feet, wipe them and dress them with flowers. The groom is then given sandalwood paste and other auspicious items to hold. The priest then places the bride's hand into the groom's. Linking the two together for life, he will say:
"Aum Arham. O Jiva you are the one with soul. May you two become partners with the same time, mind, karma, shelter, body, action, love, desire, wishes, joy, sorrow, longevity, with the same hunger and thirst. May you have similar progress; may you enjoy the same good things; words, forms, scents, touch, ashrava, bandha, sanvara, nirjara, moksha (effects of karma). May you obtain a lasting relationship and unity by way of this joining of hands."

Agni Pradakshina
The couple circles the sacred fire four times. Prior to this, however, the bride's brother gives them both handfuls of rice that they alternately give to the priest as they pass. The priest offers the rice into the fire. Specific mantras are spoken for each round.
Mantra for the First Round:
"AUM ARHAM. Without beginning is the world.is the soul. is time. is attachment. Anger, ego, illusion, greed are associated with the body and different Karmas. There are words, forms, liquids, smells and touches which are desirable or undesirable.
"You have joined each other in front of the Siddha, Kevali, other Gods, Fire, men and women, rulers, people, teacher, father and mother and other relatives - so please encircle this fire."
Mantra for the Second Round:
"AUM ARHAM. 'Illusion Karma' lasts for a long time. It adheres firmly and cannot be eliminated easily. Twenty-eight types of this Karma include anger, ego, deceit, and greed in different degrees and different time-spans. Other things like feelings associated with mind and body are longer lasting too. "This love and joining together is also the fruit of your past karma; may it last as long as this world lasts. So please encircle this fire." Mantra for the Third Round:
"AUM ARHAM. There are karmas related to feelings of comfort and discomfort, hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling, touching - all these could be a good experience or a bad experience. May you have all good health and experience.

Kanyadaan
Before the fourth round, kanyadaan is performed. In this ritual, the father of the bride offers his daughter to the groom. The priest first gives grains of jav, tal, a small bit of grass and a drop of water to the bride's father. He then says a mantra, stating first the date, time and place and then the following to the groom: "This bride who is arrayed in the best of clothing, best of jewellery and carrying a fragrant, beautiful garland has come to you. The bride's father is handing over his beloved daughter to you. Please accept her."
The grooms says, "I take thee." The Brahmin then says, "Truly taken. Let there be peace, wealth, comfort and contentment. Let there be happiness." The priest then recites the wedding vows and the couple accepts them. Following their acceptance, the priest directs the couple to circle the fire. At this point, the groom will say "I take thee," to the bride and the bride's father will give the jav, tal, grass and water mixture to the bride and groom. After receiving the mixture from his new father-in- law, the groom will say, "I have now taken thee."

After kanyadan, the fire is circled for a fourth and final time.


Mantra for the Fourth Round:
"Attachment to the world is due to Mahoniya, Vedaniya, Nam, Gotra and Ayu Karma (several karma types).
"Inflow of karma actions, bondages and pleasures are inter-related. This is how your joining together is a natural and binding result of your karma."

After the fourth round, the bride and groom change seats: the groom now sits on the right, and the bride to his left.
Then the priest says: - May the gods of heaven grant you the blessings of prosperity, joy, wisdom and love forevermore. Whatever gods we have invited, we say farewell to you and request that you return when required for a similar auspicious occasion. If we have been guilty of any faults in these rituals, please forgive us."
With the priest's words, the wedding is concluded.

Ashirvada
The elders give their blessings to the married couple.

Reception
As in all marriages, a wedding feast for the assembled guests follows this

Sva Graha Aagamana
The bride comes to her own new house

Jina Grahe Dhan Arpana
The Jains believe in giving away alms in Jain temples as a thanksgiving to God.





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