Laghana Lekhan
A typical Jain Marriage initiates with "Vagdana" - wherein the parents of the
bride and groom declare the intention to marry them after which the "Pradana"
takes place where the bride is gifted with ornaments
Tilak ceromony
The Engagement or sagai ceremony is held at the groom's house. The groom would
wear the traditional Jain headgear, wash his hands and perform the
Vinayakyantra. After the Vinayakyantra puja, the bride's brother applies tilak
on the groom's forehead and gifts him a gold chain, a ring, clothes, coconut,
sweets and money. The groom is then presented the lagna patrika. The priest
reads out the patrika and the groom seeks the blessings of the elders. Several
days before the wedding, the matruka sthapan and kulkar sthapan are held.
Vara Ghoda
This is where the groom rides the horse. Similar to the Hindu traditional
baraat, Jains include a groom's procession in the wedding festivities.
Traditionally the groom would arrive on horseback, but present day processions
are normally done in a car until the last hundred metres. The party then walks
the rest.
Torana Vidhi
Upon reaching the destination, rites of welcoming is performed. The bride
welcomes the groom with a traditional garland. He then stands on a small stool
while the bride's mother and other ladies welcome him by waving a lamp in front
of him and offering him a length of red cloth. The groom then enters the
mandap, on his way stepping on two earthenware bowls placed in his path. This
guards against evil spirits influencing the ceremony.
As the procession comes to the marriage hall, the Jain Brahmin conducting the
wedding will chant a mantra for the arriving groom. The mantra praises Lord
Adinath, the originator of the arts, customs and institutions of humankind.
Varmala
The garlanding ceremony takes place. Inside the mandap, two chairs are placed.
The groom enters first and sits on the left-hand chair. The bride then enters,
often led by her maternal uncle and sits as well. A series of prayers are then
spoken asking for the protection and blessings of the gods.
Hasta Melap
In this joining ceremony, the Brahmin will place a single cloth garland around
the couple's necks. Following the garlanding, the bride's parents wash the
groom's feet, wipe them and dress them with flowers. The groom is then given
sandalwood paste and other auspicious items to hold. The priest then places the
bride's hand into the groom's. Linking the two together for life, he will say:
"
Aum Arham. O Jiva you are the one with soul. May you two become partners
with the same time, mind, karma, shelter, body, action, love, desire, wishes,
joy, sorrow, longevity, with the same hunger and thirst. May you have similar
progress; may you enjoy the same good things; words, forms, scents, touch,
ashrava, bandha, sanvara, nirjara, moksha (effects of karma). May you obtain a
lasting relationship and unity by way of this joining of hands."
Agni Pradakshina
The couple circles the sacred fire four times. Prior to this, however, the
bride's brother gives them both handfuls of rice that they alternately give to
the priest as they pass. The priest offers the rice into the fire. Specific
mantras are spoken for each round.
Mantra for the First Round:
"AUM ARHAM. Without beginning is the world.is the soul. is time. is attachment.
Anger, ego, illusion, greed are associated with the body and different Karmas.
There are words, forms, liquids, smells and touches which are desirable or
undesirable.
"You have joined each other in front of the Siddha, Kevali, other Gods, Fire,
men and women, rulers, people, teacher, father and mother and other relatives -
so please encircle this fire."
Mantra for the Second Round:
"AUM ARHAM. 'Illusion Karma' lasts for a long time. It adheres firmly and
cannot be eliminated easily. Twenty-eight types of this Karma include anger,
ego, deceit, and greed in different degrees and different time-spans. Other
things like feelings associated with mind and body are longer lasting too.
"This love and joining together is also the fruit of your past karma; may it
last as long as this world lasts. So please encircle this fire."
Mantra for
the Third Round:
"AUM ARHAM. There are karmas related to feelings of comfort and discomfort,
hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling, touching - all these could be a good
experience or a bad experience. May you have all good health and experience.
Kanyadaan
Before the fourth round, kanyadaan is performed. In this ritual, the father of
the bride offers his daughter to the groom. The priest first gives grains of
jav, tal, a small bit of grass and a drop of water to the bride's father. He
then says a mantra, stating first the date, time and place and then the
following to the groom: "This bride who is arrayed in the best of clothing,
best of jewellery and carrying a fragrant, beautiful garland has come to you.
The bride's father is handing over his beloved daughter to you. Please accept
her."
The grooms says, "I take thee." The Brahmin then says, "Truly taken. Let there
be peace, wealth, comfort and contentment. Let there be happiness." The priest
then recites the wedding vows and the couple accepts them. Following their
acceptance, the priest directs the couple to circle the fire. At this point,
the groom will say "I take thee," to the bride and the bride's father will give
the jav, tal, grass and water mixture to the bride and groom. After receiving
the mixture from his new father-in- law, the groom will say, "I have now taken
thee."
After kanyadan, the fire is circled for a fourth and final time.
Mantra for the Fourth Round:
"Attachment to the world is due to Mahoniya, Vedaniya, Nam, Gotra and Ayu Karma
(several karma types).
"Inflow of karma actions, bondages and pleasures are inter-related. This is how
your joining together is a natural and binding result of your karma."
After the fourth round, the bride and groom change seats: the groom now sits on
the right, and the bride to his left.
Then the priest says: - May the gods of heaven grant you the blessings of
prosperity, joy, wisdom and love forevermore. Whatever gods we have invited, we
say farewell to you and request that you return when required for a similar
auspicious occasion. If we have been guilty of any faults in these rituals,
please forgive us."
With the priest's words, the wedding is concluded.
Ashirvada
The elders give their blessings to the married couple.
Reception
As in all marriages, a wedding feast for the assembled guests follows this
Sva Graha Aagamana
The bride comes to her own new house
Jina Grahe Dhan Arpana
The Jains believe in giving away alms in Jain temples as a thanksgiving to God.